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It is widely accepted that plate divergence at mid-ocean ridges drives mantle flow, mantle melting, and the formation of new oceanic crust. However, many of the details of this process remain obscure ...
It is widely accepted that plate divergence at mid-ocean ridges drives mantle flow, mantle melting, and the formation of new oceanic crust. However, many of the details of this process remain obscure ...
In the classic mid-ocean ridge model, new seafloor is generated through a combination of magmatic diking feeding lava flows at the spreading axis, and the formation of short-offset, high-angle normal ...
One aspect of ocean flow over mid-ocean ridges that has escaped much attention is the capacity of a ridge to convert oscillatory flows into unidirectional flows. Those unidirectional flows take the fo...
Black smokers are the dramatic result of seawater being heated to high temperatures (generally 250° to 350°C) by magmatic systems, then discharging at the seafloor. However, not all seawater that circ...
By analyzing the speed of seismic waves generated by earthquakes, scientists have shown that temperature differences deep within Earth’s mantle control the elevation and volcanic activity along mid-o...
Mid-ocean ridges represent one of the few environments where it is possible to directly and regularly observe the connectivity among tectonic, volcanic, geochemical, and biological processes. This int...
Earth is a thermal engine that dissipates its internal heat primarily through convection. The buoyant rise of hot material transports heat to the surface from the deep interior while colder material s...
The plate-tectonic revolution was initially "kinematic"—a description of plate motions across Earth's surface. Plate tectonics is now recognized as the surface manifestation of a greater processcircu...
In April 1961, 13.5 m of basalts were drilled off Guadalupe Island about 240 km west of Mexico's Baja California, together with a few hundred meters of Miocene sediments, in about 3500 m of water. Thi...

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