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The D-lemma: narrow-band UV type B radiation versus vitamin D supplementation versus sunlight for cardiovascular and immune health
narrow-band UV type B vitamin D immune health
2018/11/13
In this issue of the Journal, Ponda et al. (1) report on the role of vitamin D and narrow-band UV type B (UVB) irradiation on the blood lipid profile of healthy adults. They previously observed that t...
Effects of isolated soluble fiber supplementation on body weight, glycemia, and insulinemia in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
body composition glucose insulin meta-analysis soluble fiber supplementation
2018/11/21
Background: There is strong epidemiologic evidence that dietary fiber intake is protective against overweight and obesity; however, results of intervention studies have been mixed. Soluble fiber benef...
Introduction to workshop on iron screening and supplementation in iron-replete pregnant women and young children
iron pregnancy infancy young childhood iron screening iron supplementation
2018/11/21
The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements convened a public workshop on iron screening and supplementation in iron-replete pregnant women and young children in 2016 in Bethesda, Maryland. The starting poi...
DHA-rich n–3 fatty acid supplementation decreases DNA methylation in blood leukocytes: the OmegAD study
fish oil DHA EPA DNA methylation LINE-1 Alzheimer disease
2018/11/20
Background: Dietary fish oils, rich in long-chain n–3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) [e.g., docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n–3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n–3)], modulate inflammatory reactions thro...
The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure in individuals with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or noncommunicable chronic diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
blood pressure cardiovascular diseases insulin resistance
2018/11/19
Background: To our knowledge, the effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure (BP) in individuals with preclinical or noncommunicable diseases has not been previously investigated in a meta-...
Prebiotic supplementation improves appetite control in children with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial
pediatric obesity appetite prebiotic dietary fiber oligofructose-enriched inulin
2018/11/13
Background: Prebiotics have been shown to improve satiety in adults with overweight and obesity; however, studies in children are limited.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of choline supplementation in school-aged children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
choline clinical trial fetal alcohol spectrum disorders fetal alcohol syndrome nutrition prenatal alcohol exposure supplementation
2018/12/19
Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure results in a broad range of cognitive and behavioral impairments. Because of the long-lasting problems that are associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (...
Prenatal supplementation with DHA improves attention at 5 y of age: a randomized controlled trial
attention child development fatty acids prenatal supplementation omega-3 fatty acids preschool cognitive development
2018/12/14
Background: Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) is an important constituent of the brain. Evidence from well-designed intervention trials of the long-term benefits of increasing DHA intake during pregnancy has ...
Prenatal supplementation with DHA improves attention at 5 y of age: a randomized controlled trial
attention child development fatty acids prenatal supplementation omega-3 fatty acids preschool cognitive development
2018/12/18
Background: Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) is an important constituent of the brain. Evidence from well-designed intervention trials of the long-term benefits of increasing DHA intake during pregnancy has ...
Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones in long-term studies of vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
hypercalcemia hypercalciuria kidney stones randomized controlled trials vitamin D supplements
2018/12/18
Background: Vitamin D supplementation is increasingly being used in higher doses in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, adverse events from very large annual doses of vitamin D have been sho...
Research needs for assessing iodine intake, iodine status, and the effects of maternal iodine supplementation
clinical trials iodine deficiency iodine excess neurobehavioral development prenatal supplementation
2018/12/14
The Office of Dietary Supplements of the NIH convened 3 workshops on iodine nutrition in Rockville, Maryland, in 2014. The purpose of the current article is to summarize and briefly discuss a list of ...
Assessing infant cognitive development after prenatal iodine supplementation
Bayley scales brain systems cognitive behaviors infant neurodevelopment prenatal nutrition
2018/12/14
Little information is available on infant behavioral development outcomes of prenatal iodine supplementation in regions of mild to moderate iodine deficiency. Studies performed to date, all of which r...
Statistical design considerations applicable to clinical trials of iodine supplementation in pregnant women who may be mildly iodine deficient
clinical trials iodine supplementation outcomes measurement pregnancy statistical methods
2018/12/14
No large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of iodine supplementation in pregnant women in a region of mild or moderate iodine deficiency has been completed in which a primary outcome measure was a...
Immune function in rural Gambian children is not related to season of birth, birth size, or maternal supplementation status
maternal supplementation pregnancy children
2016/6/14
We previously showed that mortality from infectious
diseases among young adults in rural Gambia is strongly
correlated with the season of their birth. This suggests that early
life insults that inv...
Enhancement of immunity in the elderly by dietary supplementation with the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019
Probiotics elderly immunosenescence
2016/6/14
The aging process can lead to a decline in cellular
immunity. Therefore, the elderly could benefit from safe and
effective interventions that restore cellular immune functions.